ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The impact of microwave (MW)/radio frequency radiation (RFR) on important biological parameters is probably more than a simply thermal one. Exposure to radio frequency (RF) signals generated by the use of cellular telephones have increased dramatically and reported to affect physiological, neurological, cognitive and behavioural changes and to induce, initiate and promote carcinogenesis. Genotoxicity of RFR has also been reported in various test systems after in vitro and/or in vivo exposure but none in mobile phone users. AIMS: In the present study, DNA and chromosomal damage investigations were carried out on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals using mobile phones, being exposed to MW frequency ranging from 800 to 2000 MHz. METHODS: DNA damage was assessed using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and aneugenic and clastogenic damage by the in vivo capillary blood micronucleus test (MNT) in a total of 24 mobile phone users. RESULTS: Mean comet tail length (26.76 ± 0.054 mm; 39.75% of cells damaged) in mobile phone users was highly significant from that in the control group. The in vivo capillary blood MNT also revealed highly significant (0.25) frequency of micronucleated (MNd) cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight a correlation between mobile phone use (exposure to RFR) and genetic damage and require interim public health actions in the wake of widespread use of mobile telephony.
ABSTRACT
Cervix cancer continues to be a common malignancy in Indian women in the absence of routine cervix examination. Most cases come to light as referrals of advanced gynecologic complaints. It was proposed to look for micronuclei in bladder cells (as a non-invasive method) of such women subsequently diagnosed with cervix cancer. Urine samples of just diagnosed cancer patients (n=25; 21-80 yrs) and of controls (with other gynecological problems; n=25; 21-70 yrs) were processed for the micronucleus test using standard protocols. Significantly elevated frequency of cells with micronuclei was observed in 72% of the patients as compared to that among controls (16.7%). Percent frequencies of micronucleated cells were highest in patients in stage III; in older patients; in those with younger ages-at-marriage; who had highest number of pregnancies; and were of low socio-economic status. The test in urothelial cells indicates damage in a tissue, which is not the site where cervix cancer develops. As it utilizes a non-invasive procedure of sampling, if validated it may find use in mass screening of cervix cancer.